Detailed side-by-side comparison
When you need a dental filling, your dentist may offer you a choice between composite resin (tooth-colored) and amalgam (silver) fillings. Composite fillings are made of a mixture of plastic resin and fine glass particles, matching your natural tooth color. Amalgam fillings are a metal alloy containing silver, tin, copper, and mercury, and have been used safely in dentistry for over 150 years. This comparison covers aesthetics, durability, safety, cost, and the best applications for each material.
| Factor | Composite (Tooth-Colored) | Amalgam (Silver) |
|---|---|---|
| Average Cost | $150 - $400 per filling | $75 - $200 per filling |
| Longevity | 5 - 15 years | 10 - 25 years |
| Appearance | Matches tooth color; virtually invisible | Silver/dark metallic; highly visible |
| Tooth Structure Preserved | More conservative; bonds directly to tooth | Requires more tooth removal for retention |
| Strength | Good for small to medium fillings | Excellent for large fillings and high-stress areas |
| Mercury Content | None | Contains ~50% mercury (FDA: safe for adults) |
| Temperature Sensitivity | Less expansion/contraction with temperature | Expands and contracts with temperature changes |
| Procedure Time | Longer; must be placed in layers and cured | Faster placement in a single step |
| Insurance Coverage | Usually covered, but may have surcharge vs amalgam | Typically fully covered |
| Best Location | Front teeth and small-medium back fillings | Large back teeth (molars) with heavy biting forces |
Both filling materials are safe and effective. The choice depends primarily on the filling location, size, aesthetic preferences, and budget.
Small to medium fillings on visible teeth (front teeth, premolars)
Composite fillings are the clear choice for natural appearance in visible areas.
Large fillings on back molars under heavy biting forces
Amalgam may offer better longevity, though large composite fillings have improved significantly.
Patients concerned about mercury in dental materials
Composite fillings contain no mercury and are a safe, effective alternative.
Budget-conscious patients needing multiple fillings
Amalgam fillings cost roughly half as much and last longer, saving money over time.
Cost estimates and treatment information shown above are based on national averages in the United States and are for informational purposes only. Actual costs vary significantly based on geographic location, provider, case complexity, and insurance coverage. This comparison is not a substitute for professional dental advice. Always consult your dentist to determine the best option for your individual needs. Read our full Medical Disclaimer.