Detailed side-by-side comparison
Gingivitis and periodontitis are both forms of gum disease (periodontal disease), but they differ dramatically in severity, reversibility, and treatment requirements. Gingivitis is the early, mild stage of gum disease characterized by inflammation and bleeding of the gums. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a serious infection that destroys the bone and soft tissue supporting your teeth, potentially leading to tooth loss. Understanding the differences between these two stages is critical for protecting your oral health.
| Factor | Gingivitis | Periodontitis |
|---|---|---|
| Severity | Mild; early-stage gum disease | Severe; advanced gum disease |
| Reversibility | Fully reversible with proper care | Not reversible; damage is permanent |
| Bone Loss | No bone loss | Progressive bone loss around teeth |
| Treatment Cost | Professional cleaning: $75-$200 | Scaling/root planing: $500-$4,000+; surgery: $1,000-$10,000+ |
| Common Symptoms | Red, swollen, bleeding gums | Receding gums, loose teeth, pus, bad breath |
| Treatment | Improved brushing/flossing + dental cleaning | Deep cleaning, antibiotics, possible surgery |
| Pocket Depth | 1-3mm (normal to slightly elevated) | 4mm+ (indicates tissue detachment) |
| Tooth Loss Risk | None if treated promptly | High; leading cause of adult tooth loss |
| Maintenance | Regular brushing, flossing, and cleanings | Periodontal maintenance every 3-4 months |
| Prevalence | Affects nearly 50% of adults | Affects about 30% of adults over 30 |
The most important takeaway is prevention: catching and treating gingivitis early prevents the progression to periodontitis. If you notice any signs of gum inflammation, take action immediately.
Gums bleed when brushing but teeth feel solid
This is likely gingivitis. Improve your brushing and flossing technique and schedule a dental cleaning. It is fully reversible at this stage.
Gums are receding, teeth feel loose, persistent bad breath
These are signs of periodontitis. See a periodontist promptly for evaluation and treatment planning.
Diagnosed with gingivitis at a dental checkup
Follow your dentist's hygiene instructions, use an antibacterial mouthwash, and return for a follow-up to confirm improvement.
Family history of gum disease
Schedule regular dental cleanings every 6 months and be vigilant about daily brushing and flossing, as genetics play a role in susceptibility.
Cost estimates and treatment information shown above are based on national averages in the United States and are for informational purposes only. Actual costs vary significantly based on geographic location, provider, case complexity, and insurance coverage. This comparison is not a substitute for professional dental advice. Always consult your dentist to determine the best option for your individual needs. Read our full Medical Disclaimer.